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ESPECIAL EN INGLÉS. Científica Dental vol. 18 2021

Año: 2021

Número: 6

Volumen: 18

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Systematic review

Published in spanish Científica Dental Vol. 18. Nº 2. 2021 www.cientificadental.es

Use of particulate dentin in alveolar preservation procedures: a systematic review

Resumen

Introduction: The biological processes that take place following dental extractions cause defects in the soft and hard tissues of the jaw, which hinder rehabilitation techniques with implants. Alveolar preservation procedures have been proposed to decrease these dimensional changes. Although autogenous bone is considered the material with the best properties, it also leads to an increase in patient morbidity. Therefore, the tooth itself is considered as an alternative. The objectives of this review were to analyse the dimensional changes in alveolar ridge height/width after alveolar preservation procedures using particulate dentin, as well as possible intraoperative and postoperative complications, new bone formation and re-entry time in the grafted area.

Materials and method: A review of the relevant literature in the PubMed and MEDLINE databases was carried out, identifying studies evaluating alveolar preservation procedures with particulate dentin in human patients with recorded follow-up.

Results: A total of 12 studies were included in the systematic analysis. The dimensional changes, after grafting with particulate dentin, were comparable to those of other biomaterials and fewer than in the control groups. The occurrence of complications was low. New bone formation and re-entry time were similar to other biomaterials.

Abstract

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Palabras clave

Alveolar preservation, Autogenous tooth, Bone graft, Bone grafts, Demineralised dentin matrix, Extracted tooth, Particulate dentin, Regeneration

Introducción

Maxillary bones are delicate structures subject to reabsorption processes, which can cause defects and limit implantological rehabilitating techniques¹ . Dental extraction is one of the main reasons for these alterations in hard and soft tissue, as it can drastically modify alveolar crest volume² . Much research has been done to evaluate the effectiveness of various biomaterials in alveolar preservation procedures. Studies in animals³ and humans⁴ show minor volumetric changes, despite the techniques used to prevent them. Among the biomaterials used in alveolar preservation, autogenous bone is the most predictable due to its rapid revascularisation and resistance to infection⁵ . However, this biomaterial also has disadvantages, such as limited availability, an increase in morbidity in the process of obtaining it and associated risks during surgery. Particulate dentin, however, is considered as an autogenous alternative with less morbidity. The results reported in the literature on this graft have been satisfactory, in vitro⁶ , in preclinical models in animals^5,7,8 and in clinical studies in humans^9,10. The objective of this review was to look at existing evidence about alveolar preservation procedures with particulate dentin.

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